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NMC ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY MCQ SOLUTION-1

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NMC ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY MCQ SOLUTION-1

1. Red blood cell has….. shape.
A. Biconcave shape✅
B. Donut shape
C. A&B
D. None

2. Oxytocin is a/an
A. Enzyme
B. Hormone✅
C. Antibody
D. Antigen

3. Which of the following terms describes the body’s ability to maintain its normal
state?

(A) Anabolism
(B) Catabolism
(C) Tolerance
(D) Homeostasis✅

4. Which of the following best describes the human body’s defense mechanism
against environmental bacteria?

(A) Hair in the nose
(B) Mucous membranes✅
(C) Osteoblasts
(D) Saliva

5. Which cells in the blood do not have a nucleus?

(A) Lymphocyte
(B) Monocyte
(C)Erythrocyte✅
(D) Basophil

6. Which of the following is flexible connective tissue that is attached to bones at
the joints?

(A) Adipose
(B) Cartilage✅
(C) Epithelial
(D) Muscle

7. Which of the following allows air to pass into the lungs?

(A) Aorta
(B) Esophagus
(C) Heart
(D) Trachea✅

8. Which of the following is the body cavity that contains the pituitary gland?

(A) Abdominal
(B) Cranial✅
(C) Pleural
(D) Spinal

9. Jay’s lab test revealed that her serum calcium is 2.5 mEq/L. Which assessment data does the nurse document when a client diagnosed with hypocalcemia develops a carpopedal spasm after the blood-pressure cuff is inflated?

A. Tetany
B. Positive Chvostek’s sign
C. Positive Trousseau’s sign✅

10. The primary purpose of the Schilling test is to measure the client’s ability to:

A. Produce vitamin B12✅
B. Absorb vitamin B12
C. Digest vitamin B12
D. Store vitamin B12

11. The five-year-old is being tested for enterobiasis (pinworms). Which symptom is associated with enterobiasis?

A. Rectal itching✅
B. Oral ulcerations
C. Nausea

12. In patients with diabetes insipidus, the aspecific gravity of the urine is:

A. High
B. Low✅
C. Normal

13. The following are clinical manifestations of Addison’s disease EXCEPT:

A. Hirsutism
B. Hypoglycaemia✅
C. Hypotension

14. Mrs. Miriam complained of pain and difficulty in swallowing. This term is referred as:

A. Odynophagia✅
B. Dysphagia
C. Dyspepsia

15. The patient states, “My stomach hurts about 3 hours after I eat.” Based upon this information, the nurse suspects the patient likely has a:

A. Gastric ulcer
B. Duodenal ulcer✅
C. Stress ulcer
D. Stress ulcer

16. Children are more vulnerable to home accidents because they are …………

A. less able to recognize dangerous situations✅

B. mostly changing their type of play materials

C. found of running around during play

17. All of these are symptoms except:

A. Dizziness
B. Headache
C. Skin rashes✅
D. Palpitation

18. Marco says, ““Give me five(5) minutes to recall the name of our college professor who failed many students in our anatomy class.” Marco is operating on his:

A. Subconscious✅
B. Conscious
C. Unconscious

19. The following statements are considered during documentation in nursing EXCEPT:

A. Approved abbreviations are used

B. Information needs to be factual

C. Sign at the end of documentation

D. The use of correction fluid is allowed to correct mistakes✅

20. A 35 year old male has intense fear of riding an elevator. He claims “ As if I will die inside.” This has affected his studies The client is suffering from:

A. Aerophobia
B. Cibophobia
C. Claustrophobia✅
D. Autophobia

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21. A couple in counseling reports fighting with their son when they are angry with each other. This behavior typifies:

A. coalition
B. indirect communication
C. triangulation✅

22. Junior a 5yr old is rushed to the E/R with the history of confusion and pacing around the house. According to mother, He ingested 10 tablets of paracetamol. The nurse knows that, an effective drug used as an antidote for paracetamol overdose is:

A. Hydrocortisone
B. Syrup carbocisteine✅
C. Cefuroxime
D. Mist magnesium tricilicate

23. “Icterus” is another name for

A. Hepatitis
B. Jaundice✅
C. Liver cirrhosis

24. All can be used as a simple test for varicous vein except:

A. Trendelenburg test
B. Ramberg’s test✅
C. Perthe’s test

25. Bentil, 15yr old is brought to the hospital with the history of bleeding from the tooth socket, the nurse immediate intervention include the following EXCEPT:

A. Give him ice cube to suck

B. A folded gauze may be fitted into the tooth socket and ask to clench his teeth

C. Sit him in a chair with the head in-between the thigh and reassure.✅

26. What classification of burns is also known as a weeping burns?

A. First degree
B. Second degree✅
C. Third degree

27. In anatomy, the muscle
of the bladder which help to expel urine is known as:

A. Bell’s muscle
B. Detrusor muscle✅
C. External sphincter
D. Mercier’s bar

28. During antenatal class, a 36 weeks pregnant woman complained of low back ache and the midwife explained that this was due to a hormone which causes minimal mobility of the pelvic joint toward the end of pregnancy. Which of the following hormone was she referring to?

A. Oestrogen
B. Relaxin✅
C. Progesterone
D. Neurohormonal control

29. Suckling leads to which of the following response in the breastfeeding mother?

A. Increase of Hypothalamic prolactin✅
B. Increase of Hypothalamic dopamine
C. Increase of prolactin- inhibiting factor

30. Neonate of mothers with diabetes are at risk for which complication following birth?

A. Microsomia
B. Macrosomia✅
C. Microcephaly

31. The midwife educating mothers on benefits of breastfeeding said that it helps prevent diarrhea. Which of the following factors in breast milk help prevent diarrhea?

A. Lactoferrin
B. Lysosome
C. Bifidus✅

32. In explaining the baby’s condition to the student, the midwife said it is an infection of the umblicus and can be localized and offensive. Which of the following does this explanation apply to?

A. Gastroenteritis
B. Omphalitis✅
C. Opthalmia

33. Which of the underlisted reflexes provide an indication of normality in the skeletomusular system?

A. Blinking
B. Gag
C. Cough
D. Grasp✅

34. The most important muscle of the pelvic floor is the:

A. Ischiocavernosus
B. Pubococcygeous
C. Levator Ani muscle✅

35. Which of the organisms is responsible for athlete’s foot?

A. Fungus✅
B. Virus
C. Staphylococcus
D. Ricketsia

36. Miss serwaa with intestinal obstruction is being suctioned. She will be exposed to a danger of excessive loss of :

A. Protein enzymes
B. Energy and carbohydrate
C. Water and electrolytes✅

37. The most encountered breast condition in males is :

A. Breast cancer
B. Mastitis
C. Gynaecomatsia✅

38. The pancreas functions as exocrine gland by secreting:

A. Glucogon
B. Digestive juice✅
C. Insulin
D. Cholesterol

39. A cystoscopy is :

A. A light Carrier used for examination

B. A magnifying lens for examining the ureters

C. An instrument used for visual examination of the bladder✅

40. Cirrhosis of the liver is commonly caused by:

A. Excess protein in diet
B. Alcoholism✅
C. Diabetes mellitus
D. Vitamin C deficiency

41. _ is the loss of hearing that gradually occurs in most individuals as they grow older.

A. Otitis media
B. Otalgia
C. Presbycusis✅

42. When assessing a patient with cancer of the tongue the specific sign the nurse should expect to find is:

A. Leukoplakia✅
B. Halitosis
C. Bleeding gum

43. Which of these is assessed to determine the cause of prostate cancer?

A. Prostate fluid for WBC
B. Prostate specific antigen✅
C. Blood urea estimation

44. The nurse should protect the patient’s skin surrounding a colostomy opening using:

A. Mineral oil
B. Methylated spirit
C. Barrier cream✅

45. The percentage of burns of the anterior trunk is

A. 9%
B. 36%
C. 4.5%
D. 18%✅

46. Which is the following is a sesamoid bone

A. The kneecap✅
B. The sternum
C. The vertebrae

47. In referring to the Glasgow coma scale, a patient with a total score of 15 is said to be :

A. Fully conscious✅
B. Coma
C. Stupor
D. None of the above

48. The largest body part of the an infant is :

A. Trunk
B. Pelvic area
C. Neck
D. Head✅

49. Junior, a new born male has undergone circumcision, what is the most essential immediate post-operative observation that the nurse ought to do?

A. Haemorrhage✅
B. Infection
C. Decrease Urine output

50. An infant should be able to hold its head erect at:

A. 2 months
B. 3 months✅
C. 4 months

51. Permanent dentition begins at/around what age:

A. 4 yrs
B. 6 yrs✅
C. 10 yrs
D. 5 yrs

52. The emergency hormone is

A. Insulin
B. Adrenaline✅
C. Progesterone
D. Throxine

53. Which blood group type are call universal donor?

A. O+
B. A+
C. B+
D. O-✅

54. Which type of cell is found in the brain

A. White blood cell
B. Neurons✅
C. Epithelial cell
D. None

55. Which of the following closes and seals off the lower airway during swallowing?

(A) Alveoli
(B) Epiglottis✅
(C) Larynx
(D) Uvula

56. Which of the following is located beneath the diaphragm in the left upper
quadrant of the abdominal cavity?

(A) Appendix
(B) Duodenum
(C) Gallbladder
(D) Spleen✅

57. Which of the following anatomical regions of abdomen lies just distal to the
sternum?

(A) Epigastric✅
(B) Hypochondriac
(C) Hypogastric
(D) Lumbar

58. Which of the following cavities are separated by the diaphragm?

(A) Abdominal and pelvic
(B) Cranial and spinal
(C) Dorsal and ventral
(D) Thoracic and abdominal✅

59. In order to prevent Rhesus soimmuniztion, mothers should be given anti-D
immunoglobublin……. hours after birth
A. 72✅
B. 82
C. 92

60. One of the functions of the amniotic fluid is to
A. Absorbs waste products of foetal metabolism
B. Stabilizes intra uterine temperature✅
C. Prevent improper implantation

61. Which of the following circumferences engages in the pelvis in a well-flexed vertex
presentation?
A. Occipitofrontal circumference
B. Sub occipitofrontal circumference
C. Suboccipitobregmatic circumference✅

62. Which of the following structures contains lysosomal-like enzyme in the sperm cell?
A. Acrosome✅
B. Sertoli cells
C. Sperm head

63. Which of these hormones appears to initiate the process of puberty?
A. Follicle stimulating hormone
B. Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone✅
C. Luteinizing hormone

64. Which of the following hormones is responsible for milk production?
A. Estrogen
B. Oxytocin
C. Prolactin✅

65. Baby Kwardo, a 3-year-old baby on the ward has been diagnosed of developmental hip
dysplasia. As a student midwife on the ward, you have been asked to prepare for
splinting his hips. Which type of splint would be most appropriate for his condition?
A. Pawlick’s
B. Pavlik ‘s✅
C. Posteriors

66. When advising a mother of a baby with cleft palate surgery, the Midwife would educate
the mother that surgery of cleft lip is normally performed within which of the periods
below?
A. 6-7 months
B. 3-4 months✅
C. 5-6 months

67. The following are all signs of feed intolerance Except:
A. Gastric residues more than 25% of previous feed
B. Hemodynamic instability✅
C. Vomiting

68. Which of the following structures is liable to damage during delivery twin when the
head is deflexed?
A. Tentonum✅
B. Falx cerebri
C. Cerebri

69. Midwives have good knowledge in management of their clients due to the professional
training received. If a client who delivered an hour ago is receiving care, which of the
following compilations must she be observant for?
A. Post- partum haemorrhage✅
B. Post- partum depression
C. Deep vein thrombosis

70. You were monitoring a client at the 4th stage room, who told you that she has changed
the pad more than 5 times within an hour and feel dizzy. On examination, the uterus
was bulky, she looked pale and weak. What could be the cause of her condition?
A. Anaemia
B. Atony uterus✅
C. Abruptio placenta

71. Madam Kwakyewa was admitted to the labour ward with the history of 2 previous C/S.
On admission, immediate caesarean section was requested. What is the second
anatomical layer that would be incised by the obstetrician during the surgery?
A. Uterine muscle
B. Pelvic peritoneum
C. Abdominal peritoneum✅

72. At what gestational age does the testis of the foetus descend from the abdomen into
the scrotum?
A. 26 weeks
B. 28 weeks✅
C. 30 weeks

73. At what gestational age does the placenta reach its full development before beginning
to degenerate?
A. 26 years
B. 28 years✅
C. 30 weeks

74. Which of the following is not a normal composition of Amniotic fluid?
A. Epithelial cells
B. Enzymes✅
C. Hormones

75. Which of the following occurs soon after fertilization has occurred?
A. Embedment
B. Segmentation
C. Meiosis✅

76. Which of the following structures in the breast serves as a temporal storage for breast
milk?
A. Alveoli
B. Areola
C. Lactiferous sinuses✅

77. Which of the following variations of placenta poses a risk to the foetus?
A. Battledore
B. Circumvalata
C. Valementosa✅

78. Which of the following are constituents of colostrum?
I. Protein
II. Mineral salts
III. Water
IV. Leucocytes
A. I, II & III
B. II, III & IV
C. I, II, III & IV✅

79. Segmentation following fertilization is aided by;
A. Human chorionic gonadotrophin
B. Corpus luteum
C. Progesterone✅

80. Which of the structures listed below present in the perivitelline space denotes
fertilization has taken place?
A. Blastocyst
B. Polar body
C. Human chorionic gonadotrophin✅

81. Maame Awusi aged 28 with 42 weeks gestation has been admitted to your ward for
induction of labour due to postdate gestation. What is the rationale for the induction?
A. To avoid risk of caesarean section✅
B. To prevent degeneration of the placenta
C. To prevent foetal distress

82. At which of the following stage does the fertilised ovum embed in the uterus?
A. Blastocyst✅
B. Morula
C. Syncytiotrophoblast

83. Mrs. Asante was admitted to the labour ward and was diagnosed with shoulder
dystocia. What is the best explanation for this condition? The……………….
A. Anterior shoulder becomes trapped in front of the symphysis pubis
B. Anterior shoulder is trapped behind or on the symphysis pubis✅
C. Posterior shoulder is trapped is trapped in the brim

84. Which of the following hormones stimulates the secretory activity of endometrial glands
and increased size of blood vessels which accounts for the soft, vascular, spongy bed in
which the fertilised ovum embeds?
A. Progesterone✅
B. Oestrogen
C. Prolactin

85. Which of the under listed hormones causes the endometrium to grow to four (4) times
its pre-pregnant state when its secretion is increased?
A. Progesterone
B. Oestrogen✅
C. Prolactin

86. Which of the following parts of the trophoblast has properties that make it capable of
eroding the endometrial lining following fertilisation?
A. Langhan’s layer
B. Mesoderm
C. Syncithial layer✅

87. Which of the following parts of the breast does oxytocin act on during breast feeding?
A. Ampulla
B. Aveoli
C. Basket cells✅

88. Which of the following cells around the alveoli contracts to release milk?
A. Areola cell
B. Acini cells
C. Myoepithelial cells✅

89. The most common side effect of tocolytics agent is…………….
A. Palpitation✅
B. Vomiting
C. Diaphoresis

90. Which of the following parts of the graffian follicle produces estrogen under the
influence of follicle stimulating hormone?
A. Inferior longitudinal sinus✅
B. Lateral sinus
C. Straight sinus

91. Which of the under listed would need induction of labour at the Regional Hospital?
A. Prolonged labour
B. Previous caesarean section✅
C. Membrane

92. The placenta produces all of the following hormones except;
A. Human chrorionic gonadotropin (HCG)
B. Oestrogen
C. Prolactin✅

93. During the menstrual cycle, the time between the ending of menses and ovulation is
known as………
A. Follicular phase✅
B. Luteal phase
C. Post menstrual phase

94. Sperm cells are stored primarily in the;
A. Ejaculatory ducts
B. Epididymis✅
C. Seminal vesicles

95. Which of the following placentation is likely to occur in heterozygous twinning?
A. One placenta, two chorions and two amnions
B. Placenta, one chorion and two amnions
C. Two placentae, two chorions and two amnions✅

96. Trial of labour is done for women with minor degree of cephalon-pelvic
Disproportion and a concern to the outcome of labour. Therefore, the outcome of
labour depends on the………………….
A. Nature of the cervix
B. Degree of moulding of the foetal head✅
C. State of membranes

97. Pregnancy may be detected by a woman herself even before she missed her period
because she experiences some body changes. These changes could be probable signs of
pregnancy which include…………………………………
A. Foetal heart sound
B. Osiander’s sign✅
C. Amenorrhoea

98. Mental health problems can complicate pregnancy. The following are emotional
disturbances that complicate gestation. Except:
A. Maternal blues✅
B. Mood disorders
C. Toxic delirium

99. The most important thing a Midwife should do after delivering a baby is to…………
A. Clean the baby✅
B. Clamp and cut cord
C. Give uterotonic drugs

100. A client was in the labour ward with induction. Contraction was adequate and client is
progressing well. What would be your main concern?
A. The contraction✅
B. Urine output
C. Foetal heart rate

101. As a charge Nurse, you assigned a student Midwife to observe a labouring woman. She
later came to inform you that her cervical dilatation was 10cm. What would be your
immediate action?
A. Confirm the dilation✅
B. Set your delivery trolley
C. Position the woman

102. Which of the following layers of the trophoblast has similar tissue to that in the inner
cell mass?
A. Cytotrophoblast
B. Ectoderm
C. Mesoderm✅

103. After delivery of the placenta, Nurse Amina noticed small extra lobe separate from the
placenta and joined to it by blood vessels. This abnormality is known as……………
A. Battledore insertion of the cord
B. Valamentous insertion of the cord
C. Succenturate lobe of the placenta✅

104. The following women are less likely to suffer from pelvic floor trauma during childbirth
except those who………………
A. Good general muscle tone
B. Maintain regular exercise
C. Lead sedentary life✅

105. During your midwifery class, sister Annan mentioned that, if the total amount of
amniotic fluid exceeds 1500mls, the condition is known as……………
A. Oligohydraminous
B. Polyhydraminous✅
C. Excess hydraminous

106. The premature baby is prone to hypothermia because it lacks one of the following fats
A. Trans
B. Brown✅
C. Adipose

107. As a neonatal nurse at the nursery, it was noticed that many of the babies were
developing pemphigus neonatorium. How would you control the spread of infections on
the ward?
A. Bath all babies with cetavlon lotion in a bath
B. Serve antibiotics to all babies on the ward
C. Wash hands and use protective clothing✅

108. The Seminiferous tubules are responsible for Spermatogenesis while Leydig cells are
responsible for………
A. Hormonal✅
B. Seed carrying
C. Nourishment

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